8.1a Ownership

PUBLIC SERVICE:

Public service is a service that was made by the government, it is known as a type of ownership of a TV producer and broadcaster.  An example of a public service is ARD which is in Germany, the main focus of this is to educate  the audience and inform them so that the audience can know what is going on around the world but also they try entertain some of the audience so that they keep watching while receiving information at the same time, they do this to get the audience interested. This is also known as PSB which stands for Public Service Broadcasting. Public Service is only applied to TV only since many people watch TV they try to get something that people are interested in so that they can inform them. ARD don't try to work for money but they try to do public good so that gives them a better image, the audience are more engaged in this so that makes it more neutral and their is a benefit for the audience since there are no "annoying adverts" an example of this is BBC who don't show any adverts, they do this so people can continue watching and don't have to be interrupted by adverts that they didn't intend to watch in the first place, they try to give the public a voice so that the public/audience can say their opinions and what they think about the topics that are going on around the world. The ARD gives you a variety of TV channels to watch, which could be useful but unfortunately you have to still pay for shows and channels that you might not even watch or even know existed. Everybody has to pay for it, even if they don't want it, for example, to get a TV licence, the fee you have to pay in the UK is £145.50.

COMMERCIAL 

Commercials are advertisements produced by the government and are used to promote advertising

and promoting something such as a place or a product, most adverts focus on different content but all are trying to promote and make you buy a certain product. Commercials cost a lot of money to put on TV but the longer the advert, the higher the price goes, the most expensive advert put on TV was for "Chanel" which cost $33 million and lasted for 2 minutes and 3 seconds. depending on what channel you want to put your commercial on, even though adverts might cost a lot to put on a channel, it can earn you a lot of money and if they make more money they can make more shows, but you could lose money if the advert could be the reason that the company might go out of business. You could do anything with it since it is free from government interference. When you ask for your advert to be put on a certain channel at a certain time, you have to ask a TV company to put their advert on TV and it could cost a lot of money especially if you want to be sponsored by a popular show/program, such as how TalkTalk paid Xfactor 30 million pounds to sponsor them on ITV when their show is on. One good example of advertising is sponsors, an example of this is when WWE sponsor mountain dew on their pay per views.

PRIVATE AND CORPORATE 

Private companies are basically companies that are just companies that are not owned by the state and corporate are companies that protect there owners liability such as if the company fails, the owner is not in that much trouble, both Private and Corporate companies are privately owned but Corporate companies are bigger than Private companies. Almost all private companies work to make more money, yet almost all major film and TV companies work as corporations. An example of a privately owned company is Newmarket Films which is a big film company that has made films such as "Whale Rider", "The Skull" and more, their shareholders are "Chris Ball" and "Will Tyre", they both formed a executive team with "Chris Calhoon", "Reen Cogan" and "John Crye". They stay as a private company because they refused to change. Corporate

companies are types of companies that can be either state owned or privately owned. they protect the liability of their owner since just in case that company goes in debt, none of their personal belongings get taken away. An example of  a corporate company is ITV which is a TV company that is one of the most well known TV companies in the UK which has a variety of shows different from each other, such as "Britain's Got Talent", "Celebrity Juice", "Coronation Street" and more, one thing that they try to do is to entertain as many people as possible, which is why they have to many different shows. Corporate companies are very business like which means a lot of paperwork and research has to be put in for the workers, which is very time consuming for them.

INDEPENDENT COMPANIES

Independent companies are companies that are run by a few people in a group so that they can find the gap in the market, one example of an independent company is a company called HBO which is an American TV company that has shows such as "Game Of Thrones", "True Blood" and more. it is an independent company because only a few people with in the company manage it. An advantage of an independent company is that the company can become very successful which leads to a lot of money for the company and the workers which means the company can grow even more just like how HBO did, they started off as a very small company but ended up being a really popular companies on TV that earns a lot of money and has a variety of popular TV shows. Even though they can become very successful, a lot of independent companies fail from lack of money.
                                  

GLOBAL COMPANIES

Global companies are companies that own many industries which are also very much like businesses and they apply to both TV and film companies. One example of a global company is Disney, they own a large portion of the market within many industries, such as Pixar (film), Disney Channel (TV), Radio Disney. One advantage about global companies is that they can earn alot of money mainly because they can own other industries and when they do they can earn more money, for example when Disney bought the rights for Star Wars and Avengers, the audience for Star Wars and Avengers will start watching Disney which leads to the profit for Disney to rise since their audience expand (music) and more  they get more money. One disadvantage about global companies is that there the owner has to be in charge of many people so they may lose control easily.

HORIZONTAL AND VERTICAL INTEGRATION

Horizontal integration is when a company buys another company that it at the same standard  as them. The reason why they do this is because if they buy content, that is different they add more value for the audience to watch, which can expand the company and attract more audience members, who like different types of content, since there is a wide range of content to watch. By getting all of this different content it means there is more content that the a range of different people would be interested in, this helps making their films get better, an example of this is when Warner Bros who bought "Cartoon Network"  so that they can attract more audience members who are interested in that sort of content. Vertical integration is when the company buys different companies that is a lower standard as them and make it their own brand, so they can offer a wide range of media text that they can produce. By doing this it can take out other competition that the company might have to face, such as when Disney bought "The Muppets" and "Marvel" and "Star Wars" which was companies that seemed like competition, and by buying them, they expand their audience even more. Vertical integration companies makes their own content and companies, an example of a vertical integration company is also Disney as they created their own companies such as Disney Channel and Radio Disney. This allowed them to make more money and as they owned the company, they didn't have to worry about as many legal issues as horizontal integration would cause. By making their own companies, it helped their company expand and get more popular, and by having more companies lead to having more jobs for people in the TV and Film industry. 

MONOPOLY

A monopoly is a type of company that has dominated a industry and has taken over it, they also provide a certain type of service or product. An example of a company that is a monopoly is

Blu-Ray which is a leading DVD company that has DVD's of all the biggest well known movies, such as "Titanic" and "Monsters Inc." and "Harry Potter and the Philosopher Stone" which are all big, well known movies, which are all very successful, on their own, and since most of the films that they give on Blu-Ray are huge successes, because that they have big well known films, as Blu-Ray, that makes them a monopoly, compared to other DVD companies such as "Sony" and more. An advantage about companies that are monopolies is that they are mostly very well known and Blu-Ray is a very well known and popular company, which leads to them becoming more successful and getting more money. A disadvantage about a company that is a monopoly, is that it is very hard to start a new company that is intended to be a monopoly since when the company starts, not many people will be aware that it exists, and that could lead to the company losing money and the company could go bankrupt and shut down.